Tunnel liner



Oct. 4 1932. sg s 1,881,098

TUNNEL LINER Filed Aug. 28. 1930 2 Sheets-Shae}. 1

I nueni'or: 1 /c Jiarr JZSchaab,

. Patiented Oct. 4, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE W! I. SOHAAB, OFYOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, ASSIGNOB TO TRUSCON STEEL comm OF YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, ACORPORATION 01' MICHIGAN TUNNEL LINER The object of the presentinvention is to provide a structure for lining tunnels, shafts, and thelike, which can be readily produced channel form. Each of these consistsof a main bearing wall 11 with side flanges 12. It will be understoodthat these sections are in relatively simple parts and easily assem-V ofmaterial length and are longitudinally bled, and which involves in suchassembly,

'reenforcements and stiflening members that will effectively malntam theliner in position and against distortion, due to the pressurethereagainst.

A further and important object is to provide a structure of'this kindthat can be embedded in concrete in which case the reenforcing membersinterlock with the concrete, and thereby form a rigid connection betweenthe shell or liner and the concrete body.

In the accompanying drawings several embodiments are illustrated by wayof example, but it will be evident to those skilled in the art thatother modifications within the scope of the appended claims may bereadily produced.

In said drawings: Figure 1 is a sectional perspective view of a simpleembodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same. Figure 3 is a similar view ofa modification of the structure shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is still another embodimentof the invention.

from that shown in Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a structure slightly diflerent Figure 6 is an embodiment ofthe invention in which a skeleton or lattice reenforcing member isemployed.

Figure 7 is a side elevation of the same. Figure 8 is a detailhorizontal sectional view showing the splice employed in the innermember.

Figure 9 is a perspective view illustrating the form of the'splice.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of another form of skeleton or latticereenforcement.

Figure 11 is a. detail sectional view of the structure shown in Figure1, indicating how a centering or form may be applied for the purpose offilling with concrete behind the liner. I Considering the embodimentdisclosed in Figures 1 andv 2, plate members or sections are employed ofrolled steel or other metal of bowed or curved to the contdur of thetunnel wall to which they are applied. Being independent members, theycan be made in quantities and readily shipped.

Associated with them, is a reenforcing rib member. In Figure 1 thismember is a T- bar, the rib proper being designated 13 with oppositelyoutstanding flanges 14 along one edge. The unfianged margin of this rib13, it will be noted, is interposed between the immediate flanges 12 oftwo of the members 11 and is secured thereto by any suitable means, asfor example, bolts 15 that pass through the flanges 12 and the rib.13.This provides an assembly of parts in w ich the plate members areeffectively secured to the reenforcing rib member, so that the platemembers are securely held inposition and against distortion. It will benoted that this structure can be continued to form a lining of anylength desired. The flanges 14 of the reenforcing rib member serve toprevent any tendency of the rib member to bend laterally and furthermorethese flanges may be perforated, as shown at 16 (see Fig. 11) to receivea centering wall or form. making it possible to embed the rib members incon crete and thus back the plate members 11. This centering, designated17, in Figurell, may be of any suitable ,material held to the flanges 14by bolts 18, or other suitable fasteners that pass through the openings16.

In the structure shown in Figure 3, the plate sections are designated11a and are of the same character as those already 'described. Thereenforcing rib member in this instance is shown asformed ,of two L-bars13a flanged at their inner ends, as illustrated at 14a, and securedtogether by bolts'15a. The inner flanges 12a of the plates 11a are shownas secured by bolts 16:; to the rib members 13a, though other suitablefastenersmay be employed. It will be evident that other shapes thanL-bars may be utilized.

Referring now to the form of construction shown in Figure 4, the platemembers are designated 11b and are of-the type already considered, beingprovided with longitudinal side flanges 12b. The reenforcing rib memberin this structure is shown as formed of two L-bars 13b bolted to etheras 1llustrated at 15?), and having t eir inner por-v tions provided withflanges 14b. The outer sides of these bars are outset, therebyprovidreenforcing rib member, these plates being interposed between theinner flanges 120 of the plate members 110 and bolted thereto asillustrated at 150. v

In the structure illustrated in Figures 679 inclusive, a skeletonreenforcing member is employed. The same plate-members, designated here1101 with their side flanges 12d are employed. The reenforcing ribmember,

,however,'consists of an outer chord 13d and an inner chord. Thisinnerchord may consist, for example, of two angle bars 14d spot welded orotherwise secured together. The outer and inner chords are connected bya lattice which may be in the form of a zigzag rod 150! electricallywelded at its bends to the inner and outer chords. The outer chord hasthe adjacent flanges 12d of the plate members lld'lying against itsopposite faces, and secured by bolts 1603 or other suitable fasteners.In this structure the reenforcing rib member is preferably of sectionsthat are spliced together. The outer chord 13d may have its ends abuttedand these ends will of course to be secured together by the flanges 12dof the plate members bolted thereto, which extend across the joint. Theinner chord preferably has one of its angle barsterminating short of theother on one side at one end, and correspondinglyextended on the otherend ,(see Figure 9). These extended ends designated 17 d can thereforebe lapped and secured together by bolts 18d or other fasteners. I

Finally as an additional illustrative form the structure shown in Figure10 may be considered. Here again there is employed the plate members.designated 1'16 with their side flanges 126. I The reenforcing ribmember is a skeleton or lattice beam. The outer side is of channel form,and is designated 13c, having side-flanges 14c bolted or secured byother suitable fastening means to the inner side flanges 126, the boltsbeing shown at 15a. The inner chord memberis shown'asof angle bars 166,bolted together at 17 e. The lattice structure that joins the inner andouter v chords is designated 18c and is shown as ex tending fromeachof'the angle bars 166 to the side flanges 14a of theouter chord.

easily and cheaply manufactured and can be assembled to produce a linerthat is exceptionally strong andrigid and which can be used with orwithout concrete as may be found desirable.

- From the foregoing, it is thought that the construction, operation andmany, advantages of the herein described invention will be apparent tothose skilled in the art, without further description and it will beunderstood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion and minordetails of construction may be resorted to without departing from thespirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

What I claim, is:

1; A lining structure of the character set forth, comprising-areinforcing bar having a web provided with an unflanged outer side,liner plates on opposite sides of the bar having integral side flangesof less width than the width of the bar and lying against the oppositefaces of the outer unflanged portion of the web of said bar, andfasteners securing the said integral flanges of the plates to theunflanged portions of the bar, the inner portion of said bar projectinginwardly beyond the plates.

2. A lining structure of the character set forth, comprising areinforcing barof reverse T-form having its inner portion laterallyflanged, and its outer portion unflan ed, liner plates on oppositesides. of the ar, having integral side flanges 'ofless width than thewidth of the bar and lying along the outer unflanged portion of thesame, and means for directly fastening the said integral flanges of theplates to-the outer unflanged portion of the bar, the flanged innerportion of the barextending inwardly beyond the flanges and with theplates forming a substantially I-beam structure.

A tunnel liner structure comprising a series of associated and connectedplates forming a substantially continuous outer wall and a reinforcingbar for the plates secured thereto and including outer and inner chords,and a skeleton web connecting the chords, the web andinner chord beinglocated at and projecting beyond the inner side,v of the liner wall andplates.

4. A lining structure'of the character set forth comprising areenforcing rib member, consisting of a beam havingan outer chord and aninner chord with a skeleton lattice connecting the same, plate sectionshaving marginal flanges lying along one of the chords, and meanssecuring 5. A lining structure of the character set v forth, comprisinga reenforcing rib member consisting of a beam longitudinally chm.

neled andhaving a substantially U-shaped outer chord, an mnerchord, askeleton lattide connecting the inner and outer chords, 5 plate sectionshaving marginal flanges lying along the outer chord, and means securingsaid flanges and chord In testimony whereo together. i, I aflix mysignature.

HARRY M. SCHAAB.

